It’s obvious, if you wish to have a transformer with long and trouble free service life, you should be able to provide it a reasonable amount of required maintenance. Oil cooled transformers manufacturers are sharing basic maintenance procedures that service men should follow to detect and fix all the faults of the unit. Methods to consider are as under-

• Time based condition monitoring
• Condition based monitoring
• On-line condition monitoring
• Time based maintenance

Time based condition monitoring (TBCM)
A condition assessment should be able to detect initial changes in condition for any things that are smaller as compared to the deterioration required for failure. The measurement allows detecting early failure symptoms that may be more complex for transformers with smaller power rating.
Condition based monitoring (CBM)
Condition based monitoring involves monitoring of the changing condition of any item on an ‘as and when’ basis.
On-line condition monitoring (OLCM)
This type of monitoring involves data, measurements or samples collection during when the transformer is energized at the site.
Time based maintenance (TBM)
This type of monitoring includes regular, programmed inspection that is followed by any testing and reconditioning whenever required. Records are made for any abnormalities during service.
Why maintenance is required for a transformer?
Every maintenance service provider works with an objective, i.e. to preserve the original properties of the transformer unit and its parts in order to make it function properly.
Moisture, excessive heat, dirt, over loading, mishandling are the real causes of insulation deterioration. The severe environment and weathering condition result in corrosion, which causes rusting of cooling radiators or fins. It also damages the terminal bushings if outer porcelain shell is used.
The service professionals must check that external circuits are disconnected before starting the maintenance work for the transformer. Certain factors that can influence maintenance practice and effort of the service professionals are as under-

• The characteristics and specifications of the transformer brought for the service
• The required duty of the transformer- OLTC operation, load, etc.
• The transformer working environment including humidity, temperature, etc.
• Availability and costs of skilled labor
• Historical failure rate of transformer type

There is major components selection that defines transformer maintenance effort-

• Bushings
• Cooling systems
• Oil preservation systems
• Gaskets
• Control cabinets
• Gauges, relays and indicators
• Current transformers
• On load tap changers
• Surge arresters
• Off circuit selectors
• Transformer active part
• All sensing and monitoring devices

 
There are few liquids other than conventional insulating oil, with high ignition point and are considered as environment friendly. One of them is mineral insulating oil that functions as a coolant and insulant in the transformer. To keep the oil in good condition, regular service maintenance is needed which help prevent deterioration of the solid insulation materials inside the transformer unit. Oil cooled transformers need to undergo these services to have longer service life.
If you are making any order for oil immersed transformer, get in touch with your local dealer for best offers. 

Step up or step down transformers are used to regulate electricity voltage. And when a transformer fails, it may result in fire. To prevent fire accidents due to transformer failure, transformer repairing and maintenance services providers offer the best service for different types of transformers.
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What causes transformers fire?

When electricity voltage supply is higher than the recommended rate, the sudden surge can cause fire mishaps in a transformer. When a transformer detects any change in electricity supply, it automatically turns off. However, it can take up to 60 ms for the automatic shutdown, but still it may be slower to prevent the electrical overload.

Transformer includes a chamber that has gallons of mineral oil. This oil is used to keep the temperature of circuits cool. When there is excessive power supply, the circuits may fry and melt. This may result in sparks and burn the mineral oil of chamber. It can be anything- a corroded or old wire to set transformer on fire.

Transformers nearby the sea can get into hazardous condition due to underground electrical systems as salt from sea water will act as a corrosive agent.

Older transformers can be burn when their insulation fails.

Other Common Reasons to Transformer Failure-

• Lightning strike from a storm resulting transformer overloading
• Damaged wires or equipments installed within the transformer
• Worn wire insulation or other critical transformer components

Overcharged or old wiring circuits are responsible for heat generation and a spark and these two things are enough to ignite the mineral oil. When there is fire in mineral oil, extreme overpressure is created within the sealed transformer. This eventually causes the vessel rupture with a loud noise and sparks and flame. And since the transformer includes copper and other materials, the flash is bluish-green and easily visible at night from far sight.

How to prevent transformer from burn?
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The only way to protect your transformer from failure and explosion is to perform transformer maintenance checks daily, every month, and annually.
Some transformer maintenance checks to be performed on daily basis –

1. Oil level of magnetic oil gauge inside the main tank and conservator tank should be checked on daily basis. It is necessary to maintain oil level at the desired level in the gauge.
2. Check the silica gel color and change it if it turns pink
3. Seal the leakage point if exist

Some transformer maintenance checks to be performed on monthly basis-

1. Oil level in the oil cap should be regularly checked every month to prevent any possible damage to transformer
2. Always clean the silica gel breather holes for continuous breathing action.
3. For oil transformers, make sure the oil filling bushing has correct level of oil

Some transformer maintenance checks to be performed annually –

1. Clean all the bushings of the transformer using soft cotton cloth once a year
2. Oil sample should be checked at least once a year to detect moisture content and dielectric strength. If dielectric strength is low and moisture level is high, replace the oil for better working of the transformer
3. Service the marshalling boxes every year. Check if the illumination heaters are working well and terminal connections and relay wiring should be fastened at least once a year.

These expert transformer repairing and maintenance services tips can help prevent transformer burning. For best guidance and service, contact your nearest service provider. 

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